MarketingMarketingMarketing 10/e by Kerin, Hartley and Rudelius continues a tradition of leading the market with contemporary, cutting-edge content presented in a conve... Read More >

Archive for October, 2011

Requirements In Office Stationery Printing

Sunday, October 16th, 2011

Office stationery printing is a great way to give your business enterprise a professional look. It is primary not only for internal but most especially for external memoranda and letters. There are various layout and styles for printing office stationery and you can pick out one that will give your business organisation brand a crucial boost.

In office stationery printing, the quality of paper should not be bad. It should be the top-quality, since the letter or message printed on it bears importance. Some companies which are price-cutting resort to the average bond paper as their letterhead paper, and this is greatly discouraged. A bond paper is good for average communications, but a thicker kind of bond paper with the letterhead on top is required as a proper office stationery. The toll of the thicker paper maybe slightly higher than the average bond paper, but that is to be expected because of the advancement in quality.

More companies choose a thicker kind of texturised paper. They also prefer a peculiar colour than white. Variations can be beige and off white. Although white is still widely used, it is advisable if thicker than the regular typewriting paper. Other darker colours are not suggested because they do not look formal and of course it is not traditional for people to read a white print on a dark paper, unless the company is introducing set run office stationery printing for a special reason, as in when there is weeping for the death of the business enterprise founder. But this is just very limited.

After picking out the quality of paper to employ, it is now time to consider the printing. Ordinarily, colours of the office stationery print extend from black, blue and red. To add class to it, it is already recommended to put a silver or gold lining on the letters. The content of the stationery heading is also most-valuable. The name of the company, office address and contact details should always be present, and there should not be mistaken or outdated information.

In sum, office stationery printing calls for the services of a professional printer. It is wise to work with one who has had the most experience in the industry and who can print a variety of marketing materials. Remember, a stationery is key as it is an advertising medium in itself.

We are a pioneer in office stationery printing and other printing services your company may need. Call us for a free quote today!. This article, Requirements In Office Stationery Printing has free reprint rights.

Customized printed Tumblers for Business Promotional for Sports Affairs

Saturday, October 15th, 2011

Personalized imprinted athletics tumblers are a fantastic strategy for marketing pursuits during athletics activities. These promo tumblers will become an ideal connection in sports events as they are very useful especially they could give water container throughout the affair and therefore enabling the gamers prevent from health difficulties such as dehydration or perhaps fatigue. Consequently, when you promote your business by means of personalized tumblers during events like sports affairs, you are also trying to help the athletes by providing container for their water.

Sports tumblers are extremely utilized for advertising campaigns particularly during sports events and also ideal for businesses which have a knowledge or relation to athletic industry. These sports tumblers might be promo items which might be given by different corporations. This will surely provide an excellent chance for those companies to advertise their services and products and then create a name, in other words, making the company be famous in the sports industry.

It very significant to attach the message of your enterprise together with the logo to the tumblers for the awareness of your buyers of about your enterprise and in order for you to do that you have to imprint to the tumblers large icon of your logo and large letters for the message. With your brand name and logo on the tumblers, your business will have a higher chance to be more popular. When people use the tumbler, they are attracted to your product and when the others view it and saw that it was cool, they will eventually notice your enterprise.

Customized tumblers are usually made for long use, handy or easy to use and lastly can be recycled after the sports festivals. You can actually select from a wide range of tumblers which are generally come up with different styles and designs. They are ready to use and handy, suitable for best promotional products. You can make use of the BPA free tumblers or the stainless and the aluminum tumblers making certain that you utilize items which are not harmful to the environment. Other benefits of tumblers are they can be utilized to advertise practically any kind of enterprises and plus at sports events, you can easily give them away.

Promo items such these which have excellent worth and easily purchased will provide your enterprise an economical option. Whenever you are promoting a charity sponsored affair like tree planting, it is ideal to advertise the event using customized printed tumblers. If you are going to purchase them in massive quantity, make sure that you save a lot and that you attain the intention of your marketing campaign in a very cheap approach.

And since sports festivals are usually organized outside, this is a fantastic chance for the promotion of your enterprise as there will several people who will surely watch the contest as well as get experience your promotional tumblers.

Best selling promo gifts are actually an excellent strategy to build up your merchandise and then make it stand out among the other.

Let Someone Else do the Work You Hate by Outsourcing

Saturday, October 15th, 2011

One of the elements that has a great impact on the success, or lack thereof, of your business is outsourcing. By managing the important issues yourself and delegating out the correct tasks, you will strike that perfect balance that generates success. There are many reasons for which people fail when it comes to outsourcing but probably the most prevalent one is that they aren’t sure what they should be outsourcing and what they should do themselves. Like any other skill, though, you can learn to outsource effectively. Below are three ideas that will help improve the performance of your business that can be implemented right away.

The first thing you need to do before hiring someone for your project is to look over their samples and their portfolio. Since quality isn’t an area you can compromise on make sure you have a look at other work your vendor has done to see if they conform to your needs. If the portfolio isn’t enough then you can always ask the person to provide you with a mock up so you can tell what they are capable of. You can also ask to see how they plan to do the work. This will give you a good idea of whether they can offer the outcome you want or not. There is little point to hire someone and pay them if they can’t deliver quality.

These pointers will help you broaden your understanding on subjects for example FreebieJeebies.

Your ultimate goal is to create a sort of safety net. When you plan out anything, don’t you always make sure that you have plan B up your sleeves? It’s not a tall complicated. You need to stay out of any trouble and keep your investment safe, which is why you should create a safety net for your project. This is effective for more reasons than one. For instance, if something goes wrong with your project and things don’t look good, having a second plan will let you be firm even after the fall. Proper planning leads to fewer mistakes and more clarity as you move forward.

Finally, have everything drawn up in writing. When you hire someone and work commences, there are many things that can change from the price, to the deliverable and the scope of the project. You shoud inform your vendor clearly about all the details from the project’s scope, to the schedule and any changes in payment. Get them to confirm it in writing so that it’s clear that they agree to the said changes. Also, you need to ensure that you save eveyr email you exchange with your provider.

I’ve discovered that tips mentioned in the following paragraphs are good for http://www.robselaney.com/fast-cash-commissions/fast-cash-commissions-review.

You do not have to do circus tricks or jump through hoops to begin outsourcing. When you start small, you can steadily increase the amount of work you outsource. Doing this allows you to harness the power of the best talent the Internet has to offer. If you can give them that opportunity, they will be more than happy to oblige with you.

It is extremely important that prior to you making a choice you know about The Paid Surveys Authority.

Novobeads Bracelets – Celebrating Women of All Ages

Saturday, October 15th, 2011

If you’ve ever yearned to capture a special time in life – engagement, wedding, the birth of a new baby – then the quest for that perfect memento stops here. These unique bead bracelets can be used to commemorate those special moments. With hundreds of beads to choose from, each bracelet can be customized to a wearer’s specific interests and reflect their unique personality.

For the younger woman, there are beads which can be used to reflect her friends and family. There are beads which can reflect hobbies, special interests extending from animals to nature to more feminine beads like high heels and ballet slippers. When she gets engaged or married, there are beads to represent those occurrences as well. There are simulated jewel toned stones ranging from pastels to rich vibrant colors that can be used to represent those close to her.

For the married woman, there are beads which mean wedding and engagement, as well as new babies. Beads with baby themes and pastel colored stones are available to honor each child’s birth. There are beads which salute the special relationship between mother and child. There are many beads with couple themes to remember relationships and their milestones. A woman may have beads which signify her husband’s pursuits as well, and the bead bracelet may well be symbolic of her family’s intertwined life.

For the older women, there are beads which celebrate family and its continued growth. New babies can be denoted with baby themed beads or birthstone colored beads. Anniversaries may be represented, and the observance of long term familial relationships. The bead bracelets could in due course be used as an heirloom, with each family giving to the bracelet over the years so that all members may feel like they are part of something greater. These bead bracelets could also be gifted by a long-term spouse with beads representing their life together, using symbols from the couple’s past and remembering each milestone.

For every generation, there are beads available to signify those moments that make life so worthwhile. These bracelets make charming mementos for women of all ages, at all stages of her life. From the young woman beginning her life on her own, who wishes to display her unique interests to the married woman who wants to proudly show off gifts from her children which symbolize their lives to the grandmother who wears a bracelet that commemorates a long married life and large extended family, these inimitable bead bracelets are a perfect fit for any woman. With so many attractive beads to choose from, the combinations are endless. These unique pieces of jewelry are perfectly suited to honor a woman as unique as the special bead bracelet on her wrist.

Is there something more you would like to find out about beads or bead bracelets? Come to Novobeads.com to check out great, American made products that are fully compatible with all major bead bracelet brands!. Check here for free reprint license: Novobeads Bracelets – Celebrating Women of All Ages.

Revealed Secrets to a Fast Church Growth

Saturday, October 15th, 2011

Churches these days tend to be striving hard to increase its people’s quantity. Plenty of churches all around the world appear inactive and difficult in numbers. It really is needless to mention that we now have still a great area of the total world population needs enlightenment and eager for the word of God.

Significantly, there has been numerous ministries which are known to be huge and effective among all. Nevertheless, some of them have been suffering from various dilemmas resulting in its member’s frustration and lack of interest. What’s worst is that a number of members tend to transfer from one church to a new. And this is the largest problems of church leaders these days: church growth.

Pretty much, leaders of the chapels all over the world have been using church marketing methods just to gather a lot of believers. Yes it’s true that people should not be instructed to believe in anything with out their own desire. However this action should not be used against church management as they are not forcing the people of God to believe them instead they are making them recognize the existence of God exactly why they do such church advertising. No doubt these days that church growth is very hard to establish for some ministries. Multiplication of church associates is the ultimate would like of every church. The greater the church will be increasing its christ-followers, the more the frontrunners will strive difficult to improve their church marketing to draw lots more people to the Almighty.

Below are some of the revelations for a quick church advertising:

Firstly, church handlers need to make sure that the whole ministry will be organized. Many believers are looking at this issue. How will a church preach the right scriptures if it is not structured? A good church should have an organized flow along with an advanced planning not to wow its members rather to show them that they have the church that they deserve. There should be frontrunners in specific areas to handle the entire religious organization accordingly. This is one of the most important church marketing strategies that every church should focus on.

Secondly, every church should be a channel for the improvement of their people’s capabilities. Every possible of the believers needs to be maximized. The people’s skillsets can be used for the health benefits of the entire church.

Third, churches need to reach out to the people. Outreach programs are very much important.

Fourth, a religious organization should have a strong holy bible foundation and should utilize the scriptures right. Next what the Lord would like us to do is an essential thing among all. No matter how rich the church is, without the right application of the scriptures, it will likely be useless. For a effective church advertising, the above tips can be quite helpful. Since were living in a modern entire world, church leaders need to blends to the newest trends like going on line. A lot of people are going to the net; why not take advantage on it by applying church advertising methods? Increasing the church’s members is pretty hard. But since it can be for the common great of all, nothing is tiring.

For more tips on how to make a fan page, visit our website.

Recognizing True Concept of Church Growth Through Quantity and Quality of Its People

Saturday, October 15th, 2011

We live in a society which is made up of people. A chapel is one of the basic models of the society. Everyone is very important factors that may make up a chapel. It is not just an organization but rather, it is an business of people and a place of worship as well. The actual members were the one that do their features for the church to enhance and succeed. In the event that there are no people, quite possibly, a church will not present. Definitely, any church growth, in terms of its number, of members needs time to work. It will not automatically increase in large number simply in a snap of an finger. A religious organization will remain alive provided there are people entering it to praise God, and to listen to His words.

Still there are some questions that should be considered, whether a church marketing is measured with the number of its members. It is important to consider if people who were members of the actual church is doing the proper obligations and following teachings of God. For above all religious organization is establish in order to preach God’s word and do what is based on God. A quest cannot be fulfilled if it’s not done according to The lord’s will regardless of the variety of its people.

Church growth just isn’t simply the number of their members but rather it is an assembly of people structured for one main purpose to be able to worship and act upon God’s teachings. Though, the number of members is a plus factor in purchase for the others to become influenced to join but still if you’re not living according to the will of God it is worthless. We are called to assemble together in order to worship God. We are getting there to give, to provide, to pray, to preach and to serve. The chapel is not only there for all of us, but we have to become there for its quest.

Church advertising plays a very significant role when it comes to attaining a growing church. It is via this that people is going to be aware that a chapel is formed. There are things to be considered when promoting a church. It isn’t just about how you marketed it but the content material of the ad too. It can be done in many ways throughout recent time. Tv, radio and even social networking are being used in permitting people know about God’s house worship. Creating a solid and trusted subject in advertising the particular church will give a great impact to people’s thoughts and hearts. Certainly, church advertising is an important element in calling people to do God’ mission.

We are the same men and women and we worship one particular God. The cathedral is the instrument that gives God’s mission. However, men and women had different preferences when it comes to choosing the cathedral that they will dwell directly into and the kind of religious beliefs. Church marketing is a way in buy to answer people’s different religious practices. Similar to advertising and marketing a product, which mains target is to get a sale where you can connection to that merchandise, marketing church is the foremost possible way to answer men and women all over the world of the questions regarding not only about a particular religious organization but the spiritual procedures being done as well. The primary main goal of church marketing is always to increase the effectiveness of the items is being communicated through the church. It is an motion which will influence individuals more to be disciples of God.

Church advertising will be informing people regarding it while church marketing is going in to the deeper meaning about the information that the cathedral wanted to share in order to God’s people. These two techniques contributes a lot for a church to grow. In conclusion, a growing church is all about people unified with each other doing God’s quest.

For more tips on how to make a fan page, visit our website.

Truth in Trash Can Advertising

Friday, October 14th, 2011

Trash can advertising is gaining popularity in outdoor spaces that permit the practice. Messages or advertising can appear on trash receptacles or bins in many areas. Messages can promote special events community service announcements third party advertising local services national products or simply mention the name of the company providing the waste cans. Advertising is ubiquitous in modern society. Busses billboards taxis delivery vehicles radio television cash register receipts and other forums features messages from corporate America. Trash cans are located everywhere and advertising messages can receive great exposure.

Advertising can be quite effective if the right locations are paired with an appropriate business or message. The type of receptacle can make a big difference in the impact of a message as well. In some cities advertisers must obtain city permission to advertise in public areas. These laws are often not enforced because city coffers benefit from taxes paid on the revenue generated by the advertising. There are important considerations to take into account before selecting a receptacle on which to place an ad.

[Size of Container]

You must select large enough containers to hold the trash in a given area. If your can overflows your message will be lost. If an area routinely produces lots of trash two or more cans may be needed. Sometimes a larger bin may be a more attractive option.

[Low-Key is Key]

Modest messages are more effective when using trash can ads. People will not stand around a trash can reading complicated stories. A simple direct message is more tasteful and will not overwhelm the scenery in a park or recreational area.

[Use Cans that are Strong]

Outdoor cans can be subject to abuse by vandals inclement weather and other factors. Make sure your message only appears on cans that will stand up to outdoor placement. If the can is stable your message is more acceptable. Replace damaged cans immediately because your image can be affected by the condition of the trash can.

[Use Cans that are Resistant to Corrosion]

Use materials that will stand up to time and weather. If a trash can rusts falls apart or rots it will reflect badly on you and your message. Many cans are treated with coatings to prevent ultraviolet damage. These types of receptacles may be a better choice for ads than standard cans.

[Choose Styles that are Attractive]

Sure it is a trash can but it should blend into the environment and not produce a jarring note. The ad message will be enhanced if the can is neat and attractive and fits in well in the area. A sturdy can with a hinged door for depositing trash will be more attractive than an open can that buzzes with flies.

Ads and banners on cans in parking lots and at special venues can promote your business inexpensively and reach many potential customers if the can is well-maintained and your message is tasteful. It can be a boon for business if you follow some common sense precautions. Advertisements on trash cans give your company high visibility at a low cost.

Find out more about modern sanitation alternatives such as Garbage Bins and Commercial Trash Cans

Discount Car Alaskaair.Com Coupons Are Available In The Newspaper & Many Other Sources

Friday, October 14th, 2011

I have a box full of extra personal care items under my bed, toilet paper stashed in my storage unit, and canned goods stacked in a closet! Even if their price is higher, if you present the sales flyer from another store, they will sell you the item for that price. Entering your information to receive free coupons is up to you and if you choose to do so, always read the fine print to make sure that they won’t distribute your email address. This really is a smart way for Gymboree to keep their customers. Non-Organic: Whether you are environmentally conscious or simply trying to avoid ingesting chemicals on every leafy green that passes your plate, organic produce is an excellent choice for the 5 recommended servings per day. If you have a specific organic food in mind, go to the source.

Gift coupons or love coupons make perfect gifts from children to parents. You can combine deals and coupons, which is a whole other how-to tutorial, or you can contact companies that is what I am going to be explain here. Use as many as you can during weekly shopping trips for the products you use the most. Most home improvement and appliance stores will price match an advertised price if the ad is within two weeks of purchase date. Limoges, Old Pueblo Traders, Puritan’s Pride, Crocs, Lillian Vernon, Office Depot, Expedia, and other stores. As you locate items you plan to purchase with your coupons, simply tuck the coupons you want to use in the back of the file box until you’re ready to check out.

If I see there is a lower price at a different store, I will call attention to it at the counter. When we were on WIC, we found ourselves with a surplus of juice, so we wound up giving some away to our friends with children, otherwise they would have expired. Nearly every search has some form of search for online coupons, grocery coupons, or coupon savings. Even if you end up having a less-than-satisfactory experience, you wont have to worry because it was so affordable. For example, if I’m looking for the latest Gap online deal, I’ll search for “Gap online coupon code” and this will usually give me plenty of options, with the most up-to-date deals often listed first. You may find that in one local paper you get 50 cents off toothpaste and the same brand of toothpaste may be 30 cents off of 2 tubes in another local newspaper.

Retail Me Not has the most current Bath and Body Works coupons. Sign up for any emails or newsletters they have as these can be a great resource for more coupons. We spent days signing up our customers for the “Speedy Rewards Programs.” With each purchase of gas or grocery items in the store the customer can earn cash savings on products and often win free coffee or soft drinks as their purchases add up. While you may have to go to a different store, it can be worth shopping specifically for triple coupons. So far, I have calculated a monthly saving of about 20 percent off of my grocery bill. Email this list of coupons to your friends and family especially those who may have recently found themselves out of work.

He sympathizes and then gives me some tech tips on which model to buy. In hard times, shopping can be a huge burden because of tight budgets and pay cuts. An avid couponer’s dream is finding a deal to use all 3 types of coupons at once on a particular product. You’ll be prompted to install a program the first time you print, but after that it’s as simple as selecting the coupons you want and hitting print. There isn’t a doubt, though, that picking designated days to do activities with one’s kids brings a stronger sense of fulfillment to family life. Their totes were regular price, so I used my Joann’s coupon at Michaels and got my rolling tote for 50% off.

Be sure that when you write cards like these that you maintain a good attitude about it when he hands over the coupon to take up your offer.) It’s an excellent gift when you make these coupons and think of them as ways to be selfless toward a man in your life. Keep what coupons you have organized so you know exactly what you have when you check the flyers, and match the sale products to your coupons. Walgreens has a monthly rebate book you can send in or do online to receive rebates on specials for that month. While Archiver’s might sell some of the same items a “big box” craft store might sell, generally the majority of their merchandise is not sold at the big box stores. In fact, you may be surprised to find just how many eBay stores are filled with nothing but grocery coupons. Should a great sale come up & you find you do not have a coupon for it,no biggie,simply trade or pay someone for it.

There are many ways Stouffers Coupons to Yoplait Coupons find these coupons and at any one time there is normally at least one working Pizza Hut coupon or promotion running.

A Coupon Organizer Can Help You When Using Coupons

Friday, October 14th, 2011

It also has an option where you can get your local grocery store coupons just by typing in your zip code. Walgreens and CVS have money-off your next purchase slips that come out with your register receipt. If you’re going to Las Vegas for a pleasure trip or a business trip chances are that you may make a wager at the gaming tables. By buying certain items, you can receive free chuck e cheese tokens. Sometimes you have to click a few links or sign up for an e-club. It could be your actually spending more time on the hunt than the value of the savings.

In addition to valuable coupons, most retailers have an outlet section in the store or on their website. CoolSavings requires users to activate the free Smartsource coupon printer, but the free printable coupons and offers appear to be different than those made available by the Working Mom website. Sure, they would cost more, but if saving lives is the main concern, it would definitely be more effective. lift ticket coupon – Get a weekend lift ticket for $38. EBay policies clearly states, “sellers can’t claim that the price of the coupon is based on the value of the labor involved in clipping the coupons instead of the coupons themselves. Finally, retailers (stores like Walmart, Target, Kroger, and HEB) can be a good source of coupons for the products they sell.

The Sunday newspaper couponsregularly have money-saving offers for formula and other items for your baby. The reason for taking them all is that they can later trade, through clubs, for other refund forms not available in their own area. Everyday this website has a gallery of different coupons that you can print and cut. By entering your information online, they will send you a free coupon which you will use to purchase one of their entrees totally for free (except for the taxes, of course). This method of using the online coupons can help to increase sales of a company; therefore, are highly preferable. Make sure to check with the salespeople about their policy on this as not all establishments allow you to purchase alternatives to the ones the coupons are designed for.

Who wouldn’t like an extra $40 a month in their pocket? Websites that offer free printable coupons will often want you to enter your email address. Also, remember if you are writing to a company leave your name and address or they won’t be able to send you coupons. Crest tooth paste coupons is often a really great resource when trying to lower charges in tough financial instances while nonetheless sustaining a balanced smile. Do not hesitate to give you a rain check for a question of values. Some sites place and icon on there site, when you visit the site you will be able click the icon and print the coupons, its that easy.

Watch the Sunday game on two large TV monitors, or relax and enjoy your delicious meal on the patio. Extreme couponers often order cases and cases of products that will be on sale so they can use more coupons. If you have friends who also clip coupons get together every so often and trade. For this reason, women are eager to collect Montreal vouchers which are competent to help buyers providing good discounts. These days, everyone seems to be trying to stretch their dollar. Send out an e-mail coupon (get as creative as you’d like) for a discount on products or services.

First, go to the website www.typethedrugnamehere.com where “typethedrugnamehere” is replaced with the name of prescription medication you are looking to find a coupon for. Now GameStop has pulled all PC copies of the game from their shelves, thus ending the issue altogether. Blackout days – 12/24/10 – 1/02/11, 1/16/10 – 1/17/11, 2/20/11 – 2/21/11, 3/13/11 – 3/20/11. Do you envision a world without scrounging around for coupons, hoarding newspapers and clipping until your fingers are sore? It is surprising the number of store clerks, and management that do not know that they accept printable coupons. If you walk around any shopping mall you will see countless window signs touting “Big Sales”, “Inventory Clearance”, “Reduced Prices” and more.

Encourage customers to follow your business’ social media accounts to watch Sport Clips Coupons for Sport Clips Coupons timed coupons offering deeper discounts than your regular coupons.

How To Be A Good Event Photographer

Friday, October 14th, 2011

Event photography is an excellent choice as a career, both in terms of creativity as well as financial returns. Covering live events by clicking impressive photographs is what the job is all about. It allows you to rope in all your creative instincts to project the event in all its glory and cheerfulness. This way, an event photographer is successful in building memories with the aid of pictures that can be cherished forever.

Most people feel that event photographers just reach the venue of an event and begin clicking. Though, this opinion might befit event photographers who are new to the profession, it does not stand true for an expert photographer, whose experience makes him valuable. As an expert event photographer, you first have to comprehend the proceedings and the spirit of the event prior to actually capturing it. It is very important to appropriately display the real spirit of the event. For example, it is essential to know the fine distinctions between the spirit of an athletics event, a formal meeting, or a wedding ceremony.

As an event photographer, you also should have fair knowledge of your camera, along with awareness about the newest digital processing methods. For instance, the most essential part of the camera, its lens, must change as per the nature of the event and its venue settings. The venue of the event and the hour of the day are significant when it comes to the adjustments of the camera and other equipments like flash lights.

Lighting at the place where the event is going to take place is also very crucial. Depending on the available light, one has to adjust the camera aperture and the rest of the settings. Knowledge about light availability also aids in deciding if there is a need for an extra flash light or not. Attentiveness also plays a critical role in helping you to capture all the key shots with great perfection and deftness.

Professional courses and many books are available for acquiring more knowledge on all factors and finer details of event photography. It is much wiser to familiarize yourself with the technical and finer features of event photography before starting with assignments as the probability of repeat assignments are dependent on the quality you delivered in your earlier tasks.

Lastly, devotion to your job and the passion to do better are very important to achieve success in this profession. One must be attentive, ready to adjust to various situations, and have a flexible style to attain long lasting success as an event photographer.

Find out more about the best Food Photographers who are also top in their field for Bridal Photography.. Free reprint available from: How To Be A Good Event Photographer.

Privacy Policy